One night in 2023, Eric was scrolling on a social media channel he regularly browsed for porn. Seconds into a video, he froze. He realized the couple he was watching - entering the room, setting down their bags, and later, having sex - was himself and his girlfriend. Three weeks earlier, they had spent the night in a hotel in Shenzhen, southern China, unaware that they were not alone.
Their most intimate moments had been captured by a camera hidden in their hotel room, and the footage made available to thousands of strangers who had logged in to the channel Eric himself used to access pornography. Eric was no longer just a consumer of China's spy-cam porn industry, but a victim.
So-called spy-cam porn has existed in China for at least a decade, despite the fact that producing and distributing porn is illegal in the country. However, in the past couple of years the issue has become a regular talking point on social media, with people - particularly women - swapping tips on how to spot cameras as small as a pencil eraser. Last April, new government regulations attempted to stem this epidemic, requiring hotel owners to check regularly for hidden cameras, but the threat of being secretly filmed in the privacy of a hotel room has not gone away.
The BBC World Service has found thousands of recent spy-cam videos filmed in hotel rooms and sold as porn on multiple sites.
Much of the material is advertised on the messaging and social media app Telegram. Over 18 months, an investigation discovered six different websites and apps promoted on Telegram. These claimed to operate more than 180 hotel-room spy-cams capturing live streams of hotel guests' activities.
Eric, from Hong Kong, began watching secretly filmed videos as a teenager. What drew him in is the fact that the people don’t know they’re being filmed. But he experienced what it feels like to be at the opposite end of the supply chain when he found the video of himself and Emily, and he no longer finds gratification in this content.
Emily felt tormented by the fear that the clip could have been seen by colleagues and family. The couple didn’t speak for weeks after the revelation. The investigation delves deeper into how the spy-cam pornography industry operates, highlighting the emotional and personal devastation it inflicts on victims.