Controversial Oil Exploration License Granted in Brazil's Amazon

Tue Oct 21 2025 03:49:32 GMT+0300 (Eastern European Summer Time)

Petrobras is granted permission to drill off the coast of the Amazon despite concerns over environmental impact and Brazil's climate commitments.

Brazil has approved an oil exploration license for Petrobras, allowing the company to begin drilling approximately 500km from the Amazon River's mouth. Conservationists warn of potential oil spills affecting the Amazon rainforest, home to immense biodiversity. President Lula da Silva defends the economic rationale behind the exploration, while environmental leaders express concern over Brazil's forthcoming climate leadership role.

Brazil's state oil firm has received a license to conduct exploratory oil drilling in the sea off the Amazon, amidst growing environmental concerns regarding the project.

This approval permits Petrobras to drill in a designated block situated in Amapá, approximately 500km (311 miles) from the Amazon River's mouth on the Brazilian Equatorial Margin. The company asserts it has robust environmental protection measures in place.

However, numerous conservationists have expressed worries about the possibility of oil spills reaching the Amazon, a critical ecosystem that harbors around 10% of the world's known species.

Organizations like Greenpeace have raised alarms about how this decision might undermine Brazil's leadership on climate issues, especially with the COP30 climate summit being hosted in Belém, in the Amazon region, this November.

The International Energy Agency has stated that to meet global net-zero emission goals by 2050, no new oil projects should be initiated.

Petrobras has announced that drilling operations will commence immediately and are projected to last five months, aimed at assessing whether oil and gas are present in economically viable quantities.

Despite environmental minister Marina Silva's opposition to such exploration activities, President Lula da Silva supports the initiative for its economic implications and has recently defended his position regarding the drilling.

In an interview with the BBC, Lula stated, Brazil is a country that has oil. And possibly we have oil in the Equatorial Margin, and we are making surveys. We're following the law strictly. He also emphasized that if an issue arises such as an oil spill, the responsibility for remediation will rest with Brazil.

While Lula supports the long-term vision of a fossil fuel-free world, he acknowledges that the current moment does not allow for such a transition. He challenged critics to name a country capable of forgoing fossil fuels entirely.

Furthermore, other international oil firms, including ExxonMobil and Chevron, have secured blocks in the Amazon and are currently awaiting governmental permissions to explore.

Petrobras reiterated its commitment to safeguarding Brazil's energy security while also ensuring its entire environmental protection framework is robust during drilling operations.