In brief
In a landmark ruling, the European Court of Justice has ordered Poland to respect and recognize same-sex marriages that have been lawfully contracted in other EU nations. This decision comes in response to the case of a Polish couple married in Berlin, whose union was not acknowledged by Polish authorities despite being protected under EU law. While the Polish government has shown some movement toward LGBTQ rights, opposition from conservative factions presents ongoing challenges.
Poland has been told to recognize same-sex marriages registered elsewhere in the European Union, in a ruling by the EU's top court.
The European Court of Justice (ECJ) said that EU member states were obliged to recognize a same-sex marriage between two EU citizens that had been lawfully concluded in another member state.
The ruling covers the case of a Polish couple who married in Berlin in 2018. When they decided to move to Poland, authorities refused to accept their marriage certificate as Polish law does not recognize same-sex marriage.
The ECJ made clear that Polish domestic law would not have to be changed to recognize marriages between people of the same sex.
Since the Netherlands recognized same-sex unions in 2001, a number of other EU countries have followed suit, but others, such as Poland, Hungary, and Slovakia, have not.
In September, Slovakia's populist-nationalist government changed its constitution to allow only heterosexual couples to adopt children.
In its ruling on Tuesday, the ECJ said that while marriage rules fell within each member state's competence, countries were required to comply with EU law in exercising that competence.
As EU citizens, the Polish couple who married in Germany had the right to freedom of movement and the right to lead a family life, the court explained.
In particular by virtue of marriage, they must have the certainty to be able to pursue that family life upon returning to their member state of origin, it added, so forcing them to live as an unmarried couple in Poland was contrary to EU law and infringed their rights.
Poland's pro-European coalition government has tried to advance the rights of same-sex couples, but its move could be vetoed by conservative President Karol Nawrocki.
The ECJ's ruling was welcomed by Katarzyna Kotula, a secretary of state and coalition ally of Polish Prime Minister Donald Tusk, who said it was an important step on the path to marriage equality.
Meanwhile, centre-left member of the European Parliament Krzysztof Smiszek wrote on social media that history is happening.
