China's Fentanyl Strategy: A Bargaining Chip in U.S. Trade Relations

Sun May 04 2025 14:39:08 GMT+0300 (Eastern European Summer Time)
China's Fentanyl Strategy: A Bargaining Chip in U.S. Trade Relations

As U.S.-China trade tensions escalate, fentanyl cooperation emerges as a potential negotiation leverage for Beijing.


In the wake of increasing hostility between the United States and China over trade, fentanyl has resurfaced as a critical element in their diplomatic talks. Historically, Beijing has leveraged its control over the production of fentanyl and its precursors to influence negotiations with Washington, particularly during times of strained relations.

This tactic first gained prominence when former President Donald Trump, in a bid to secure a trade agreement, pressured China to take stronger measures against fentanyl production, culminating in a complete ban of the opioid and its variants in 2019. The ban came after accusations of insufficient action from China regarding the drug’s proliferation into the U.S. market, which has contributed to a devastating opioid crisis.

China's commitment to combat fentanyl not only improved its standing with the U.S. but also facilitated joint law enforcement efforts aimed at curbing the drug trade. Trump lauded Xi Jinping for this cooperation, branding it a "wonderful humanitarian gesture."

As the current trade war intensifies, the Biden administration has increased demands on China to further clamp down on the fentanyl supply chain. In response to continued trade disputes and accusations of unfair practices, the administration has imposed additional tariffs on Chinese goods, citing fentanyl as a significant concern.

The Trump administration had initially raised tariffs substantially while accusing China of cheating on trade agreements and exploiting loopholes that allowed precursor chemicals to flow into the U.S. unnoticed. The tit-for-tat tariff attacks from both nations have led to a fierce stalemate, with China vowing to resist U.S. pressures.

As the deadlock continues, experts suggest that unilateral progress on fentanyl could serve as a pathway to easing trade tensions, showcasing how public health crises can intertwine with international relations and economic negotiations.

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