The Impact of Nigerians Abroad on Local Class Divides

As many Nigerians from the diaspora return home during holiday periods, their presence exacerbates the economic divide for those who remain in Nigeria. While they inject cash into the economy, rising prices and social status linked to wealth are causing feelings of exclusion among locals.

The influx of Nigerians abroad returning home during holiday seasons creates a unique social dynamic that has sparked a debate about its impact on class divisions within the country. Dubbed "Ijgb" or "I Just Got Back," these returnees often bring significant financial resources fueled by favorable exchange rates, creating both excitement and tension among locals who feel increasingly marginalized in their own cities.

This phenomenon is particularly pronounced during the holiday celebrations, such as "Detty December," where relatives and friends reunite at bustling airports, enjoy extravagant parties, and revel in the performances of top Afrobeats musicians. However, this celebration highlights a stark economic reality—locals reported feeling shut out as the cost of living skyrockets due to increased demand from wealthier visitors. A popular radio presenter in Lagos observed, "During Detty December, the city almost becomes uninhabitable for residents," creating an environment where they feel neglected and overlooked.

The rich backdrop of Nigeria's economy presents a paradox. Despite being one of Africa's wealthiest nations, the reality for many citizens is starkly different. A report from Oxfam at the start of this year revealed that over 60% of Nigeria's wealth is held by just 10% of the population, while the World Bank identifies nearly 87 million Nigerians living below the poverty line. The widening wealth gap emphasizes a classist society wherein those from affluent backgrounds have access to privileges that remain elusive to those striving below them.

Professor Martins Ifeanacho of the University of Port Harcourt highlights the historical roots of this divide, attributing it to political greed that restricts ordinary citizens from sharing in the nation’s wealth. Wealth in Nigeria isn't confined merely to financial means; it's heavily tied to societal perception and opportunities, further exacerbating the divide between returning diaspora and local citizens.

Dining at upscale restaurants in Lagos serves as a tangible example where societal status translates into immediate attention and service. Returnees, often arriving in luxurious vehicles, can expect preferential treatment while others may find themselves overlooked. The shrinking job market and lack of entrepreneurial opportunities for locals compel them to seek prospects abroad, a trend that has intensified among younger generations described as "japa," meaning to escape.

Young Nigerians have become increasingly motivated to leave the country, driven by the urgency of seeking better lives abroad. Lulu Okwara, a 28-year-old recruitment officer who relocated to the UK for studies, shares that success-driven pressures remain ingrained in the fabric of Nigerian society. “There’s a prevailing sentiment that you must achieve greatness, or you risk falling behind,” she explains.

The returns often carry an ‘aura of success’—an effort to appear accomplished in a society that celebrates wealth. This can result in social dynamics where perceived affluence, often camouflaged through accents or brands, becomes a currency of its own. However, some IJGBs have faced uncomfortable truths—they may not possess the financial clout that their appearances suggest, leading to complications, such as disputes over event payments upon returning abroad.

In navigating this complex landscape, the phenomenon of IJGBs raises questions about classism and the future of social mobility in Nigeria. As more citizens consider relocation as the only option for improvement, the urgent need for structural change to address economic disparities becomes increasingly critical. Only then can the profound societal divide be bridged, ensuring that everyone has a fair chance to succeed.