Israeli Airstrikes Threaten Historic Heritage in Lebanon

Recent Israeli airstrikes close to the UNESCO-designated Roman ruins in Baalbek and Tyre have raised alarm among archaeologists. These attacks jeopardize invaluable cultural heritage sites essential to Lebanon's identity.

Israeli airstrikes in Lebanon have begun affecting critical historical sites, prompting fears of significant cultural losses. Close to Baalbek's renowned Roman temples—a UNESCO World Heritage site going back over 2,000 years—military actions targeted a car park merely meters away, along with destructive effects on nearby Ottoman structures. Archaeologist Graham Philip from Durham University has underscored the irreplaceable nature of Baalbek, stating, "It would be a huge loss. It would be a crime." Since late September, Israel has intensified its air campaign against Hezbollah, targeting various locations across Lebanon, including the suburbs of Beirut and the Bekaa Valley. Recently, the strikes have drawn alarmingly close to ancient ruins of Tyre and Baalbek.

Although the Israeli military maintains that it is careful to strike only military sites—taking into account the proximity of sensitive areas—local experts question the strategy. Archaeologist Joanne Farchakh Bajjaly remarked on the potential consequences for these remarkable remnants of history. "For Baalbek, it was worse than Tyre, because the temples are in the areas being targeted," she explained, noting the absence of Hezbollah facilities nearby.

In light of the conflict, some civilians have sought refuge in the ruins, wrongly perceiving them as safer havens. In response, local authorities have urged people to avoid congregating around these structurally vulnerable sites. This battle for safety amidst uncertainty poses a dilemma—while ordinary citizens seek shelter in culturally significant zones, their actions inadvertently increase risks of destruction.

Notably, Israeli archaeologist Erez Ben-Yosef asserts that efforts are in place to prevent damage to archaeological treasures. He emphasizes that military protocols include stringent evaluations prior to striking, considering the risk to heritage sites. Graham Philip finds it crucial to acknowledge that targeting cultural landmarks intentionally seldom serves military objectives. However, he cautions against the practical risks of errant ordnance causing unintended harm. These threats extend back to similar military conflicts in Gaza, where UNESCO reported significant damage to vital heritage sites amidst violence that escalated in early October 2023.

With echoes of historical significance, ancient ruins are seen as vital chronicles of identity; the implications of their potential destruction would resonate far beyond their immediate geographical context. As the world watches, the struggle for cultural preservation amid conflict remains ever pertinent, intertwining national heritage with the lives of the Lebanese people.