As Italy shifts from being a nation of emigration to one of immigration, the upcoming referendum on Sunday and Monday serves as a critical juncture in addressing how the country defines citizenship. Currently, residents are required to have lived in Italy for ten years to apply for citizenship. The proposed change would reduce this period to five years, potentially opening the doors for hundreds of thousands of immigrants from various backgrounds—Africans, Asians, Latin Americans, and Eastern Europeans—to acquire Italian citizenship more easily.
This referendum comes against a backdrop of significant demographic change, as many Italians historically left their homeland due to poverty and conflict, while now, Italy grapples with an influx of new residents. However, the conservative government led by Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni stands in opposition to these proposed changes in citizenship law.
Crucially, for the referendum to be valid, voter turnout must exceed 50 percent, with a majority favoring the modification—a target that some experts are skeptical about due to historically low turnout in Italy. Regardless of the outcome, the referendum has sparked vital discussions around citizenship and the evolving identity of Italian society, paralleling similar debates raging across Europe and in the United States. As the world watches, Italians must confront their national values and the inclusion of immigrants into their society.
