As South African police continue their search for James Neo Tshoaeli, or 'Tiger', the repercussions of illegal mining operations are felt deeply in both South Africa and Lesotho. This article examines Tiger’s background, his family’s concerns, and the tragedy surrounding the deaths of illegal miners in Stilfontein, illustrating the complex intersection of desperation, survival, and law enforcement.
The Elusive Pursuit of 'Tiger': The Struggle Against Illegal Mining in South African Gold Mines

The Elusive Pursuit of 'Tiger': The Struggle Against Illegal Mining in South African Gold Mines
A deep dive into the ongoing manhunt for James Neo Tshoaeli, alias 'Tiger', an alleged kingpin in illegal mining, and the devastating impact on associated families and communities.
South Africa remains on the hunt for James Neo Tshoaeli, known as 'Tiger', an alleged figurehead in illegal mining who has been evading authorities for four months. Originally hailing from Lesotho, he reportedly escaped from custody after being linked to the illegal exploitation of an abandoned gold mine where 78 bodies were discovered earlier this year. Four officers accused of aiding in his escape are currently out on bail, but police have yet to uncover his whereabouts.
Our investigation took us to Mokhotlong, Lesotho, Tiger's hometown, where his family resides. In stark contrast to Tiger’s life of chaos, his mother, Mampho Tshoaeli, remembers her son as a gentle, ambitious child who aspired to be a police officer. But after the death of his father, Tiger became the family's primary provider, leading him into the perilous world of illegal mining.
"I heard he was working as a zama zama, but I never thought he was in this position," emphasizes his mother, reflecting her heartbreak as she questions his current safety. Meanwhile, his brother, Thabiso, chose a different path, tending to their family's livestock instead of risking his life in the mines.
The article also highlights the tragic destiny of another illegal miner, Supang Khoaisanyane, whose family faced hardship following his departure in search of better opportunities in South Africa. Supang's aunt described the harrowing conditions surrounding illegal mining, including an inadequate supply of essentials leading to many lives lost underground.
In January, a change in strategy by law enforcement aimed at tackling illegal mining involved cutting off food and water supplies to miners, a decision that infuriated families awaiting news of their loved ones. The repercussions of this strategy are further spotlighted by the experiences of miners like Supang who ventured to South Africa, seeking financial stability but ultimately losing their lives in the underground abyss.
As the fate of both Tiger and Supang comes to light, it raises critical questions about the systems failing impoverished communities that fuel illegal mining. Despite ongoing police efforts to locate him, many are left wondering if Tiger is alive, and if he will ever return home—acknowledging the desperate circumstances that have led individuals down this perilous path in search of survival and dignity.