Understanding the Deadly Cough Syrup Crisis in India

Sat Oct 11 2025 10:01:40 GMT+0300 (Eastern European Summer Time)

Amid a surge in unexplained child deaths linked to contaminated cough syrups, India grapples with a public health crisis that reveals systemic flaws in drug regulation and over-prescription practices.

Recent incidents of child deaths across India have raised alarms about the safety of locally produced cough syrups, particularly concerning toxic ingredients. Despite being widely used, these syrups often provide little therapeutic value, while the country's fragmented healthcare system and lax regulatory oversight exacerbate the situation. Experts call for urgent reforms and greater awareness among caregivers and healthcare providers.

It's happening again.

In early September, a cluster of unexplained child deaths in a small town in Madhya Pradesh sent local health workers scrambling. At least 11 victims - aged one to six - had died within days of taking a common cough syrup. Officials tested everything from drinking water to mosquitoes before the truth emerged: their kidneys had failed.

Weeks later, a state laboratory in Chennai confirmed that the syrup in question contained 48.6% diethylene glycol, a toxic industrial solvent that should never be found in medicine. Kidney failure is common after consuming this poisonous alcohol.

The horror wasn’t confined to Madhya Pradesh. In neighbouring Rajasthan state, two young children allegedly died after consuming a locally-made Dextromethorphan syrup, a cough suppressant unsafe for very young children, sparking public outrage and a government investigation.

This trend reflects a grim sense of déjà vu for India. Diethylene glycol in Indian-made cough syrups has, over the years, claimed dozens of lives. In 2023 alone, tainted syrups were linked to the deaths of 70 children in The Gambia and 18 in Uzbekistan.

Despite repeated tragedies, contaminated syrups continue to reappear, revealing the deep-rooted issues within India’s drug oversight system. Critics argue that the fragmented market, characterized by weak enforcement and regulatory failures, allows dangerous products to circulate freely.

Days after the latest child fatalities, India's health ministry called for "rational" use of these medications, urging doctors to be cautious when prescribing them. Regulations on sales were enacted, and investigations were launched.

This crisis not only highlights the urgent need for reform in India’s pharmaceutical practices but also the ingrained dependency on cough syrups as a quick fix for respiratory issues, even when evidence for their efficacy remains minimal. The country faces a public health imperative to shift this narrative, protect its children, and ensure that all medications meet stringent safety standards.